"毛里求斯" meaning in All languages combined

See 毛里求斯 on Wiktionary

Proper name [Chinese]

IPA: /mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA, standard], /mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ kʰɐu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /mɔ̃¹³⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Zhangzhou], /mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Xiamen], /mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/ [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Quanzhou], /mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/, /mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ kʰɐu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/, /mɔ̃¹³⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/, /mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/, /mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/ Chinese transliterations: Máolǐqiúsī [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄙ [Mandarin, bopomofo], mou⁴ lei⁵ kau⁴ si¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], Mô͘-lí-kiû-su, Mô͘-lí-kiû-sir, Máolǐqiúsī [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin, standard], ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄙ [Mandarin, bopomofo, standard], Máolǐcióusih [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin, standard], Mao²-li³-chʻiu²-ssŭ¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles, standard], Máu-lǐ-chyóu-sz̄ [Mandarin, Yale, standard], Mauliichyousy [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin, standard], Маолицюсы [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], Maolicjusy [Mandarin, Palladius, standard], mòuh léih kàuh sī [Cantonese, Yale], mou⁴ lei⁵ kau⁴ si¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], mou⁴ léi⁵ keo⁴ xi¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], Mô͘-lí-kiû-su [Hokkien, Min-Nan, POJ], Môo-lí-kiû-su [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Tai-lo], moly'kiusw [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Phofsit-Daibuun], Mô͘-lí-kiû-sir [Hokkien, Min-Nan, POJ], Môo-lí-kiû-sir [Hokkien, Min-Nan, Tai-lo]
Head templates: {{head|zh|proper noun}} 毛里求斯, {{tlb|zh|Mainland China}} (Mainland China)
  1. Mauritius (a country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar) Tags: Mainland-China Categories (place): Countries in Africa
    Sense id: en-毛里求斯-zh-name-WfmPxkMh Categories (other): Mauritius
  2. Mauritius (the main island of the country of Mauritius) Tags: Mainland-China Categories (place): Places in Mauritius
    Sense id: en-毛里求斯-zh-name-5fsf9V30 Categories (other): Islands, Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Mainland China Chinese, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 8 92 Disambiguation of Mainland China Chinese: 35 65 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 33 67 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 86
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 模里西斯 [Taiwan], 模國 [Taiwan], 毛里求斯 [Malaysia], 毛里求斯 [Singapore], 毛里裘斯 [Cantonese, Hong-Kong], 毛里求斯 [Xiamen], 毛里求斯 [Quanzhou], 毛里求斯 [Zhangzhou], Taiwan, 模里西斯, 模國, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, 毛里裘斯, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou
{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "毛里求斯",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Mainland China"
      },
      "expansion": "(Mainland China)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Countries in Africa",
          "orig": "zh:Countries in Africa",
          "parents": [
            "Countries",
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Mauritius",
          "orig": "zh:Mauritius",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Mauritius (a country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)"
      ],
      "id": "en-毛里求斯-zh-name-WfmPxkMh",
      "links": [
        [
          "Mauritius",
          "Mauritius#English:_Q1027"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "Indian Ocean",
          "Indian Ocean"
        ],
        [
          "East Africa",
          "East Africa#English"
        ],
        [
          "Madagascar",
          "Madagascar"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mainland-China"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Islands",
          "orig": "zh:Islands",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Places in Mauritius",
          "orig": "zh:Places in Mauritius",
          "parents": [
            "Places"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 65",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Mainland China Chinese",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 67",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Mauritius (the main island of the country of Mauritius)"
      ],
      "id": "en-毛里求斯-zh-name-5fsf9V30",
      "links": [
        [
          "Mauritius",
          "Mauritius#English:_Q2656389"
        ],
        [
          "island",
          "island"
        ],
        [
          "Mauritius",
          "Mauritius#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mainland-China"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Máolǐqiúsī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄙ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mou⁴ lei⁵ kau⁴ si¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Mô͘-lí-kiû-su"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Mô͘-lí-kiû-sir"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Máolǐqiúsī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄙ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Máolǐcióusih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Mao²-li³-chʻiu²-ssŭ¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Máu-lǐ-chyóu-sz̄"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Mauliichyousy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Маолицюсы"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Maolicjusy"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mòuh léih kàuh sī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mou⁴ lei⁵ kau⁴ si¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mou⁴ léi⁵ keo⁴ xi¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ kʰɐu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Mô͘-lí-kiû-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Môo-lí-kiû-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "moly'kiusw"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Mô͘-lí-kiû-sir"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Môo-lí-kiû-sir"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ kʰɐu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "模里西斯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "模國"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Malaysia"
      ],
      "word": "毛里求斯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "毛里求斯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "毛里裘斯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "毛里求斯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou"
      ],
      "word": "毛里求斯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "毛里求斯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Taiwan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "模里西斯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "模國"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Malaysia"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Singapore"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Hong Kong"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "毛里裘斯"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Xiamen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Quanzhou"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Zhangzhou"
    }
  ],
  "word": "毛里求斯"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese proper nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 斯",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 毛",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 求",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 里",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Mainland China Chinese",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "毛里求斯",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "Mainland China"
      },
      "expansion": "(Mainland China)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "zh:Countries in Africa",
        "zh:Mauritius"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Mauritius (a country in the Indian Ocean, east of East Africa and Madagascar)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Mauritius",
          "Mauritius#English:_Q1027"
        ],
        [
          "country",
          "country"
        ],
        [
          "Indian Ocean",
          "Indian Ocean"
        ],
        [
          "East Africa",
          "East Africa#English"
        ],
        [
          "Madagascar",
          "Madagascar"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mainland-China"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "zh:Islands",
        "zh:Places in Mauritius"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Mauritius (the main island of the country of Mauritius)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Mauritius",
          "Mauritius#English:_Q2656389"
        ],
        [
          "island",
          "island"
        ],
        [
          "Mauritius",
          "Mauritius#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mainland-China"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Máolǐqiúsī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄙ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mou⁴ lei⁵ kau⁴ si¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Mô͘-lí-kiû-su"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Mô͘-lí-kiû-sir"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Máolǐqiúsī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄇㄠˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄙ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Máolǐcióusih"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Mao²-li³-chʻiu²-ssŭ¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Máu-lǐ-chyóu-sz̄"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Mauliichyousy"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Маолицюсы"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius",
        "standard"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Maolicjusy"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mòuh léih kàuh sī"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mou⁴ lei⁵ kau⁴ si¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "mou⁴ léi⁵ keo⁴ xi¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ kʰɐu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Mô͘-lí-kiû-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Môo-lí-kiû-su"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "moly'kiusw"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Mô͘-lí-kiû-sir"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Môo-lí-kiû-sir"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Min-Nan",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɑʊ̯³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯³⁵ sz̩⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mou̯²¹ lei̯¹³ kʰɐu̯²¹ siː⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɔ̃¹³⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹³⁻²² su⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² su⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/mɔ̃²⁴⁻²² li⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu²⁴⁻²² sɯ³³/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "模里西斯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Taiwan"
      ],
      "word": "模國"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Malaysia"
      ],
      "word": "毛里求斯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Singapore"
      ],
      "word": "毛里求斯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hong-Kong"
      ],
      "word": "毛里裘斯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Xiamen"
      ],
      "word": "毛里求斯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Quanzhou"
      ],
      "word": "毛里求斯"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Zhangzhou"
      ],
      "word": "毛里求斯"
    },
    {
      "word": "Taiwan"
    },
    {
      "word": "模里西斯"
    },
    {
      "word": "模國"
    },
    {
      "word": "Malaysia"
    },
    {
      "word": "Singapore"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hong Kong"
    },
    {
      "word": "毛里裘斯"
    },
    {
      "word": "Xiamen"
    },
    {
      "word": "Quanzhou"
    },
    {
      "word": "Zhangzhou"
    }
  ],
  "word": "毛里求斯"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 毛里求斯 meaning in All languages combined (4.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "毛里求斯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "毛里求斯",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "毛里求斯"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "毛里求斯",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.